Suspending Students Isn't Effective. Here's What Schools Should Do Instead

It’s now common for youth to remain in foster care or residential treatment for years. For troubled or victimized children in need, assistance at home is often more effective than foster placement.

A new training program gets police officers to delve into the complexities of teenage brain development, helping law enforcement to recognize mental health issues, respond to them and, if they can, refer families to other resources in the community. The method focuses less on swift and immediate interventions and more on building relationships and trust that decreases overall volatility, while increasing the chance of keeping youth out of trouble and away from crime in the long term.

In 2012, Hinds County passed a consent decree that restricted the amount of time youth spent detained at the Henley Young Juvenile Justice Center, also limiting the mental health resources that can help offenders. However, the courts passed this legislation without the input of the youth court judge, who had noted problems with the early dismissal of youths. In 2016, the youth-court judge filed a motion and compromised with the Henley Young Detention Center to adjust the policies in the consent decree and now better serves the youth court system.

In Madera Juvenile Detention Facility, teens have access 6 hours a day to tablets loaded with learning and entertainment materials. The program aims to help teens productively use their time in prison and advance their education. Even though there are some positive outcomes, many critics argue that the program only treats a symptom and not the overarching problem of the juvenile prison system that needs reform.

Juveniles who were placed on sex offender registries, some for crimes they committed before they were even teens, face a slew of life changing consequences that follows them for the rest of their life: “depression, addiction, suicidal thoughts, and other signs of post-traumatic stress.” Many will struggle to find a job, others will get targeted and harassed, some, overwhelmed by the pressure, have ended their life. Parents, legal scholars, and activists are pushing back against the notion that children, under the law, should be tried as mini adults.

A consent decree ensures juveniles are not held more than 21 days in a Jackson, Miss., facility that was the subject of a lawsuit over the number of children it held and the conditions they faced. But opponents, including a youth court judge, say this is not solving the underlying problems facing the young offenders and even the plaintiffs in the suit says the larger issue is the approach to juvenile justice in the state.

New Zealand introduced restorative justice practices for juveniles in their criminal justice system after incredibly high rates of child incarceration and an over-representation of minorities. The practice, in places since the late 80's, includes youth justice councils and limits police arrests. The "overall number of youth arrested, charged, and incarcerated" has fallen, but there is still disproportionate representation of minority groups in the system.

The city of Philadelphia has been experimenting and iterating on the development of a Juvenile Justice Hub – a program that would transform interactions between the city’s youth and the police. The Hub is in the testing phase, as it is part of a Bloomberg Philanthropies competition for $1 million in grant funding. If received, the city would be able to officially deploy the ideas it has been testing, like training police in trauma and providing more social services for kids who are picked up by police.

In several small rural towns in Texas, mental health professionals from Texas Tech are offering telemedicine counseling to make up for a lack of counselors available in local middle and high schools. The Governor's office has now asked the successful school districts to develop a training program for teachers in other Texas districts in order to scale the model.

As part of a revamp of its juvenile justice system, Connecticut launched youth treatment centers where residents meet regularly with counselors and mental health professionals. The centers focus on providing individualized care and a more welcoming atmosphere than traditional juvenile detention programs.