How to beat air pollution? Stop burning the fields

Air pollution is a huge problem for China, but surprisingly, the Air Quality Index in several cities is improving because of a variety of experimental projects that are being rolled out and a number of clever pollution solutions from around the country.

Air and water pollutants have an adverse impact on the health and well-being of citizens. Protecting the air and water, by increasing the usage of solar energy, can have a tremendous impact on reversing the impact of pollution on health. The Sunshot Initiative, launched by the Department of Energy, has already begun seeing improvements.

Kathmandu is one of the most polluted countries in the world--a title once caused by the excess smoke produced by brick creation in the city. However, after a 2015 earthquake destroyed much of the old technology used to fuel the brick industry, leaders took to leveraging updated technology with an increase in energy and production efficiency.

Billions of people around the world lack access to safe sanitation, causing disease and deaths. In Ecuador a foundation developed a cheap, dry, composting toilet for poor rural families.

In California’s wildfire-prone Sierras, forest managers are turning to an ancient, if not quite intuitive, tool: more fire. In 2019, the Forest Service will manage 250,000 acres with controlled burns and “mechanical thinning,” using equipment to take out small trees. Though such plans face some hurdles, states across the country are adopting them, reducing wildfire severity while often benefiting ecosystems.

A company called Mootral is studying whether changing a cattle’s diet could make the animals belch and flatulate less methane. They created a food supplement out of compounds from garlic, citrus, and other additives, that in early tests, has shown a decrease in a cow’s emission of the greenhouse gas. If they can get investors on board and scale it to different breeds of cows and in different climates, it could help the agricultural and farming industries to combat climate change.

To combat the effects of rising temperatures due to climate change, Los Angeles piloted an experiment called “cool pavements,” where they coat streets with a light-colored sealant to reflect heat. Researchers are studying how effective this method is at reducing the urban heat island effect. Using a mobile sensor station, they found mixed results: While the surface temperature of the road was cooler, a person could feel warmer on the reflective roads. Figuring out how to balance different heat-mitigating strategies could be helpful as cities like Phoenix figure out how to implement cooling infrastructure.

After being known as a polluted mining town, politicians, scientists, industry officials, and residents of Sudbury, Ontario, were able to come together to restore its land. After 40 years and $33.5 million, they are about halfway through recovering about 200,000 acres of land. So far, they’ve been successful at restoring air quality, neutralizing soil to allow for replanting, and restocking lakes with fish. While some locals think the mining companies should have done more, the collaborative spirit could be a model for other communities looking to improve the environment.

London charges higher-emission vehicles every day they enter the city center, called the Ultra Low Emission Zone, on top of the already existing London Congestion Charge for non-electric vehicles to enter the zone. Since the charges were implemented, the city has seen an increase in electric vehicle adoption and improved air quality.

When compared to gas-powered cars, electric vehicles save drivers money on fuel and maintenance, are more energy efficient, and emit significantly fewer greenhouse gases.